: A technique used to find the best possible trade-off between the amount of data used (rate) and the resulting quality of the video (distortion).

: Developing algorithms that efficiently compress data to meet the high demand for bandwidth-hungry content (like 4K/8K streaming) without losing perceptual quality.

: Using deep learning and neural networks to mimic how humans perceive video quality, allowing encoders to prioritize "Regions of Interest" (ROIs) that the human eye notices most.

Research under this umbrella typically focuses on balancing video quality with the constraints of modern networks:

: Strategies for transmitting video over unpredictable environments, such as 802.11 wireless networks or inter-vehicle communications, where packet loss is common.

: High Efficiency Video Coding ( HEVC/H.265 ) and Advanced Video Coding ( AVC/H.264 ) are central to this field, providing the blueprints for modern video files.