: Represented by man-made structures like pavilions, straight fences, and diagonal viewing lines from buildings, which contrast with the garden's organic forms.
: Achieved by respecting the innate disposition of materials—such as leaving a stone’s raw, "imperfect" texture—to evoke spiritual mountains or oceans. Essential Design Principles Japanese Gardens - Right Angle and Natural Form...
The phrase "" refers to a core design philosophy and is the title of a definitive book by Gunter Nitschke . This guide explores the symbiosis between architectural precision and organic chaos that defines these spaces. Core Philosophy: The Aesthetic Symbiosis and diagonal viewing lines from buildings
The central theme is the attempt to unite (randomness) with beauty as human-perfected type (geometry). Japanese Gardens - Right Angle and Natural Form...
To achieve this balance, gardens rely on specific structural techniques: Paths - North American Japanese Garden Association