: Individually calibrated glass tubes that measure and indicate the specific flow rate of each gas in litres per minute.
: A system of tubes and valves—like the Mapleson or Circle systems—that delivers gases and removes exhaled carbon dioxide ( CO2cap C cap O sub 2 Essentials of anaesthetic equipment
: Continuous measurement of blood oxygen saturation ( SpO2cap S p cap O sub 2 Capnography : Monitors exhaled CO2cap C cap O sub 2 to confirm proper airway placement and ventilation status. : Individually calibrated glass tubes that measure and
The essential goal of anaesthetic equipment is to create a precisely controlled, safe gas mixture to keep a patient unconscious and pain-free while maintaining their life-sustaining functions. Modern machines have evolved from simple pneumatic tools into complex workstations that integrate gas delivery, mechanical ventilation, and advanced digital monitoring. Core Components of the Anaesthetic Machine Modern machines have evolved from simple pneumatic tools
: Intermittent monitoring of arterial pressure.
According to ScienceDirect , the "Big Five" essential monitors are:
: Connects to piped medical gases (Oxygen, Air, Nitrous Oxide) or reserve cylinders via a Pin Index Safety System (PISS) to prevent incorrect gas connections.