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Hallux valgus, often referred to as a bunion, is a prevalent forefoot deformity, affecting 23% to 35% of the population, with a higher incidence in women. The pathology involves a lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first metatarsal, leading to a prominent bursa on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. While pain is the primary driver for seeking care, many patients also report cosmetic concerns and difficulty with footwear. 2. Etiology and Pathogenesis

Patients typically present with pain over the medial bony prominence (bunion), worsened by footwear pressure, and sometimes associated with bursitis. Radiographic Metrics (Weight-bearing): Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA): Normal 40∘is greater than 40 raised to the composed with power Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA): Normal <9∘is less than 9 raised to the composed with power (between 1st and 2nd metatarsal shafts).

Treatment depends on symptom severity rather than the magnitude of the deformity alone. 4.1. Conservative Treatment Download Hallux valgus pdf

Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex, three-dimensional, progressive forefoot deformity characterized by medial deviation of the first metatarsal and lateral deviation of the hallux. It is a common condition, often associated with pain, reduced walking ability, and pressure on the lesser toes. This paper reviews the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, conservative management strategies, and various surgical interventions aimed at correcting the deformity and relieving symptoms. 1. Introduction

Female sex, age, family history, flat feet (pes planus), and chronic wearing of narrow-toed, high-heeled shoes. Hallux valgus, often referred to as a bunion,

Metatarsus adductus, Achilles tendon tightness, and hammertoe are frequently observed alongside HV. 3. Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on visual assessment of the deformity and patient symptoms, followed by radiographic verification. involving genetic predisposition

The etiology of hallux valgus is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, structural anatomical issues, and environmental factors (footwear).