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This report covers the evolution and key characteristics of sculpture during the , summarizing the radical shifts from traditional academic realism to modern abstraction. 19th Century: From Neoclassicism to Rodin

The human figure ceased to be the primary subject; it was replaced by geometric forms and abstraction.

Artists moved beyond stone and metal, experimenting with concrete, plastic, iron, and industrial waste .

The 1800s began with a heavy focus on the , primarily using marble and bronze to depict mythological or heroic figures.