: High-pressure delivery schedules can lead to traffic violations and increased injury rates [27].
As e-commerce continues to skyrocket, the industry is turning toward emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) , machine learning, and digital twins to improve efficiency [15, 23]. New niches are also appearing, such as lottery couriers who legally fulfill ticket orders for customers via mobile apps, expanding the definition of what a courier can deliver [24]. COURIERS
: Critics argue that the self-employed model often leaves workers without traditional benefits or social protection [10, 30]. Challenges in the Field : High-pressure delivery schedules can lead to traffic
: Long hours and physically taxing work contribute to high levels of burnout and fatigue [1, 6, 9]. 23]. New niches are also appearing